Big data en ciencias sociales. Una introducción a la automatización de análisis de datos de texto mediante procesamiento de lenguaje natural y aprendizaje automático
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54790/rccs.51Palabras clave:
datos masivos, procesamiento de lenguaje natural, ciencias sociales, aprendizaje automático, minería de textoResumen
Las innovaciones en el campo de la ingeniería computacional y la inteligencia artificial brindan nuevas oportunidades metodológicas para la investigación científica, permitiendo el estudio de fenómenos sociales emergentes que nacen y habitan en los espacios virtuales. El propósito de este trabajo es familiarizar al científico social con los procesos ampliamente establecidos en el análisis masivo de texto mediante técnicas de aprendizaje automático que dan lugar a lo que hoy conocemos como procesamiento de lenguaje natural (PLN). En primer lugar, se lleva a cabo un breve recorrido por la historia del PLN y su relación con el análisis de texto en las ciencias sociales. Luego, en cada sección del texto, se valoran los pasos a seguir cuando se aplica PLN a investigaciones de carácter social, proporcionando información sobre programas informáticos, herramientas, fuentes de datos y enlaces útiles, con el propósito de ofrecer una guía introductoria y simplificada que sirva como acercamiento inicial a esta disciplina. Por último, se examinan y evalúan los principales desafíos que las ciencias sociales enfrentan al implementar técnicas de PLN.
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